What is a hip fracture?, What are the symptoms of a hip fracture?, How is a hip fracture treated?

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Hip Fractures
What is a hip fracture?
A hip fracture is a break in the bones of your hip (near the top of your leg). It can happen at any age, although it is more common is people 65 and older. As you get older, the inside of your bones becomes porous from a loss of calcium. This is called losing bone mass. Over time, this weakens the bones and makes them more likely to break. Hip fractures are more common in women, because they have less bone mass to start with and lose bone mass more quickly than men.
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What are the symptoms of a hip fracture?
Hip fractures usually are caused by a fall. If you fracture your hip, you may experience the following symptoms:
•Severe pain in your hip or pelvic area
•Bruising and/or swelling in your hip area
•Inability to put weight on your hip
•Difficulty walking
•The injured leg may look short than the other leg and may be turned outward
Any time you fall and are unable to get up or stand, call your doctor right away. He or she may take an X-ray to check for hip fracture.
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How is a hip fracture treated?
Most people who have hip fractures will need surgery to make sure the leg heals properly. Your doctor will discuss your surgery options with you.

Some people are unable to have hip surgery because of an illness or poor health. If your doctor doesn’t think it’s safe for you to have surgery, you will be put into traction to help your hip heal. Traction keeps you immobile for a long period of time.
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What can I expect after surgery?
Your doctor can tell you when you should try to stand or walk after surgery. It may be painful to walk at first. You may need a walker or cane for assistance for several months after surgery.

You may need to see a physical therapist as part of your recovery. In physical therapy, you’ll learn to sit, stand and walk without reinjuring your hip. You’ll also do exercises to help you get stronger.

When you return home after your surgery, you may need some help from a home nurse or family member. Daily tasks may be difficult to perform while you aren’t able to move around very well. A family member or nurse can help you with your daily tasks, such as bathing, cooking and shopping.
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What about complications?
A hip fracture is a serious injury, but the complications from a hip fracture can be severe or even life-threatening. If you are immobile for a long period of time after your surgery, or if you are in a traction, you are at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis (also called DVT) is a blood clot in a vein deep inside your body. These clots usually occur in your leg veins. If the blood clot breaks away and travels through your bloodstream, it could block a blood vessel in your lungs. This blockage (called a pulmonary embolism) can be fatal.

Other complications from immobility after hip surgery can include:
•Pressure sores
•Pneumonia
•Muscle wasting or atrophy
•Urinary tract infections
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How can I prevent another hip fracture?
To help prevent a hip fracture, you should:
•Get regular physical activity to keep your bones and muscles strong.
•Don’t drink or smoke.
•Eat and drink more products with calcium (for example: milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, sardines and broccoli) to keep your bones strong.
•Take vitamin D each day, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your doctor can tell you how much vitamin D is safe for you.
•If your doctor suggests that you use a cane or a walker to help you walk, be sure to use it. This will give you extra stability when walking and will help you avoid a bad fall.
•See your eye doctor once a year. You are more likely to fall if you can’t see well because of cataracts or other eye diseases.
•Ask your doctor about medicines that can keep your bones strong and about products that can protect your hips if you fall.
•Make your house safer. Make sure that you have good lighting in your home, which will help you avoid tripping over objects that are not easy to see. Put night lights in your bedroom, hallways and bathrooms. Rugs should be firmly fastened to the floor or have nonskid backing. Loose ends of rugs and carpets should be tacked down. Electrical cords should not be lying on the floor in walking areas. Put hand rails in your bathroom for bath, shower and toilet use. Have rails on both sides of your stairs for support. Be sure the stairs are well lit.

Margarine, butter, mayonnaise and sour cream add fat to vegetables and fruits. Try using nonfat or low-fat versions of these foods. You can also use nonfat or low-fat yogurt or herbs as seasonings instead.

Instead of this: Try this:
Fried vegetables or vegetables served with cream, cheese or butter sauces All vegetables raw, steamed, broiled, baked or tossed with a very small amount of olive oil and salt and pepper
Coconut Fruit (fresh)
French fries, hash browns and potato chips Baked white or sweet potatoes

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Meat, Poultry and Fish
Beef, Pork, Veal and Lamb
Baking, broiling and roasting are the healthiest ways to prepare meat. Lean cuts can be pan-broiled or stir-fried. Use either a nonstick pan or nonstick spray coating instead of butter or margarine.

Trim outside fat before cooking. Trim any inside, separable fat before eating. Select low-fat, lean cuts of meat. Lean beef and veal cuts have the word “loin” or “round” in their names. Lean pork cuts have the word “loin” or “leg” in their names.

Use herbs, spices, fresh vegetables and nonfat marinades to season meat. Avoid high-fat sauces and gravies.

Poultry
Baking, broiling and roasting are the healthiest ways to prepare poultry. Skinless poultry can be pan-broiled or stir-fried. Use either a nonstick pan or nonstick spray coating instead of butter or margarine.

Remove skin and visible fat before cooking. Chicken breasts are a good choice because they are low in fat and high in protein. Use domestic goose and duck only once in a while because both are high in fat.

Fish
Poaching, steaming, baking and broiling are the healthiest ways to prepare fish. Fresh fish should have a clear color, a moist look, a clean smell and firm, springy flesh. If good-quality fresh fish isn’t available, buy frozen fish.

Most seafood is high in healthy polyunsaturated fat. Omega-3 fatty acids are also found in some fatty fish, such as salmon and cold water trout. They may help lower the risk of heart disease in some people.

Cross-over Foods
Dry beans, peas and lentils offer protein and fiber without the cholesterol and fat of meats. Once in a while, try substituting beans for meat in a favorite recipe, such as lasagna or chili.

TVP, or textured vegetable protein, is widely available in many foods. Vegetarian “hot dogs,” “hamburger” and “chicken nuggets” are low-fat, cholesterol-free alternatives to meat.

Instead of this: Try this:
Regular or breaded fish sticks or cakes, fish canned in oil, seafood prepared with butter or served in high-fat sauce Fish (fresh, frozen, canned in water), low-fat fish sticks or cakes and shellfish (such as shrimp)
Prime and marbled cuts Select-grade lean beef (round, sirloin and loin)
Pork spare ribs and bacon Lean pork (tenderloin and loin chop) and turkey bacon
Regular ground beef Lean or extra-lean ground beef, ground chicken and turkey breast
Lunch meats such as pepperoni, salami, bologna and liverwurst Lean lunch meats such as turkey, chicken and ham
Regular hot dogs or sausage Fat-free hot dogs and turkey dogs

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Dairy
Choose skim milk or low-fat buttermilk. Substitute evaporated skim milk for cream in recipes for soups, sauces and coffee.

Try low-fat cheeses. Skim ricotta can replace cream cheese on a bagel or in a vegetable dip. Use part-skim cheeses in recipes. Use 1% cottage cheese for salads and cooking. String cheese is a low-fat, high-calcium snack option.

Plain nonfat yogurt can replace sour cream in many recipes. (To maintain texture, stir 1 tablespoon of cornstarch into each cup of yogurt that you use in cooking.) Try mixing frozen nonfat or low-fat yogurt with fruit for dessert.

Skim sherbet is an alternative to ice cream. Soft-serve and regular ice creams are also lower in fat than premium styles.

Instead of this: Try this:
Whole or 2% milk Non-fat or 1% milk
Evaporated milk Evaporated non-fat milk
Regular buttermilk Buttermilk made from non-fat (or 1%) milk
Yogurt made with whole milk Nonfat or low-fat yogurt
Regular cheese (examples: American, blue, Brie, cheddar, Colby and Parmesan) Low-fat cheese with less than 3 grams of fat per serving (example: natural cheese, processed cheese and nondairy cheese such as soy cheese)
Regular cottage cheese Low-fat, nonfat, and dry-curd cottage cheese with less than 2% fat
Regular cream cheese Low-fat cream cheese (no more than 3 grams of fat per ounce)
Regular ice cream Sorbet, sherbet and nonfat or low-fat ice cream (no more than 3 grams of fat per 1/2 cup serving)

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Fats, Oils and Sweets
Eating too many high-fat foods not only adds excess calories (which can lead to obesity and weight gain), but can increase your risk factor for several diseases. Heart disease, diabetes, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis have all been linked to diets too high in fat. If you consume too much saturated and trans fats, you are more likely to develop high cholesterol and coronary artery disease.

Sugar-sweetened drinks, such as fruit juice, fruit drinks, regular soft drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, sweetened or flavored milk and sweetened iced tea can add lots of sugar and calories to your diet. But staying hydrated is important for good health. Substitute water, zero-calorie flavored water, non-fat or reduced-fat milk, unsweetened tea or diet soda for sweetened drinks. Talk with your family doctor or a dietitian if you have questions about your diet or healthy eating for your family.

Instead of this: Try this:
Cookies Fig bars, gingersnaps and molasses cookies
Shortening, butter or margarine Olive, soybean and canola oils
Regular mayonnaise Nonfat or light mayonnaise
Regular salad dressing Nonfat or light salad dressing
Using fat (including butter) to grease pan Nonstick cooking spray

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