presbyopia, the disease of the eyes, causes of presbyopia, why have I difficulties except for the sight of near, the frequency and treatment of presbyopia

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Presbyopia
This chapter is only one small summary. For more details to refer to the chapter “Presbyopia; general information, associations, surgery principles & technical”.

Definition
impossibility of making the development: the sight of close is turbid ? if we makes the comparison with a camera, this one wouldn’t manage any more to make the development in order to take clear photographs in vision of near

Which are the surgical possibilities of improvement of the sight of near?

Several options exist, the choice being done according to a beam of arguments (results of the ophthalmologic examination, other associated visual defects, age, community activities…
LASIK

If presbyopia joins myopia, it is possible to completely eliminate myopia from the directing eye (to allow a good sight by far) and to leave a low myopia on the dominated eye (this allowing the vision of near). This option is easy has to test in consultation using contact lenses of adapted power
- If presbyopia joins the hypermetropie, the correction of the latter allows a good vision by far, and an improvement of near

Change of the crystalline lens
- Presbyopia is due to the loss of flexibility of the crystalline lens, which cannot make the development any more. It is possible to replace it by a lens which allows a good vision by far and of near ?
- Technically, this surgery is identical to the surgery of the cataract, but its goal is not the same one

- The results of this intervention are excellent, and allow very a good sight as well by far as of close, with the two eyes. ?
Frequency of presbyopia: 100% after the 45 years age ?

Is presbyopia pathological? Not, it is natural; the eyes “aren’t degraded”

Which is the cause of presbyopia?

The crystalline lens becomes rigid and cannot adapt (the crystalline lens any more is a transparent lens located behind the pupil. Before 45 years it is elastic and, while changing form, it allows the vision of near. From the 45 years age it becomes rigid: it is presbyopia. Later, it is opacified: it is the cataract)

Measure:

In dioptres, from +1 to +3. The evolution is done between 45 and 60 years, in a similar way for everyone

Consequence: Bad vision of near

Can presbyopia join other optical defects?
- Yes, with all: myopia, the hypermetropie, astigmatism. Thus, one becomes short-sighted and presbyope, hypermetrope and presbyope, astigmate and presbyope ?

Does presbyopia change the other optical defects?

- No. It has any influence neither on myopia, neither on the hypermetropie, nor on the astigmatism. It can, on the other hand, reveal an unperceived last hypermetropie until there.

- In addition, the short-sighted presbyopes can see closely, provided that their myopia is corrected (neither by glasses, neither by lenses, nor by the surgery). Indeed a short-sighted eye increases the images in vision of close (as a magnifying glass can do it); but, once presbyope, it does not make any more the development.

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