the disease of the cataract, operation of the cataract, how much types of cataracts exists it, precautions and treatment of the cataract

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The cataract is characterized by a opacification of the crystalline lens involving a fall of sight.
Of evolution generally slowly progressive, it is the cause of a fall of increasingly awkward vision. At the beginning, the subject is obstructed by an abnormal sensitivity to the light (photophobia), especially marked under strong light (dazzling with the sun or at the time of the control of night) being able to accompany by whimpering reflex.
Gradually, the fall of vision becomes increasingly painful and blocks the most current gestures of the life, which involves indication of an surgical operation.

There exist several types of cataract:
- Cataract of the old subject, most frequent, due to the ageing of the crystalline lens.
- Congenital Cataract, family affection, whose early discovery at the whole young child will make carry indication of a according to importance of opacity of the crystalline lens.
- Traumatic Cataract, generally fast of evolution.
- Secondary Cataract with serious affections of eye (uvéites old, old detachment of retina, neglected diabetes).

The recourse to surgical operation is the only possible treatment.
The crystalline lens is made up of a core containing transparent proteins, surrounded by an also transparent envelope, the capsule.
Intervention consists in removing the core of the crystalline lens opacified either by simple extraction (without fragmentation of the core), or by phako-emulsification (the core is fragmented under action of a suction probe vibrating at an ultrasonic frequency introduced into eye); the advantage of this last technique isn’t to practise that a very limited opening of the ocular sphere and to obtain a faster visual recovery.
Abssence of crystalline lens (aphaquie), involving appearance of an optical defect (hypermetropie very strong), is corrected while introducing into eye in end of intervention of cataract a small optical lens (implant) whose power is calculated according to certain parameters. We can thus correct strong ametropies (myopia or hypermetropie) by this process.
Whenever where implant couldn’t be set up in eye (medical or surgical counter-indications), correction of phaquie will be done by the port of a contact lens or by glasses.
Intervention of the cataract lasts approximately between 20 and 25 minutes and is generally held under local anaesthesia, which makes it possible to the patient to even return at his place the evening or the following day
The operational continuations are generally simple grace to a local treatment, but the precautions impose it : absence of violent effort, not of shock on the ocular sphere. The vision is quickly good, but it takes approximately two months to recover a final vision.
Although the surgery of the cataract is with current hour a gesture of current surgery (+ of 300.000 people have recourse there each year), it isn’t free from complications; in 1 to 5% of the cases, it can exist inflammatory, infectious or hemorrhagic complications.

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