leukaemia, patients of leukaemia, symptoms and treatment of the disease

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Presentation

Leukaemia, disease also known under the name of leukemia, is a malignant tumour made up of abnormal white globules which circulate in blood and can colonize of other fabrics.
Leukaemias are the malignant affections most frequent of the white globules. One distinguishes the acute leukaemias, characterized by the presence in the blood of immature white globules which remain, in a healthy organization, confined in osseous marrow, of chronic leukaemias which are characterized by the proliferation in the blood of mature cells.
The general classification of leukaemias depends on the malignant cell of origin. Leukaemias myeloïdes are characterized by the proliferation of elements of the line myeloïde, either of the granulous leucocytes, or of the monocytes. Lymphoid leukaemias are defined by an excess of lymphocytes.

Acute leukaemias

Acute leukaemias are divided into lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic forms according to whether the responsible line is of lymphoid origin or not: one thus distinguishes lymphoblastic, myeloblastic or monoblastic leukaemias acute. Acute leukaemias more particularly touch the children and the teenagers.
Invasion of osseous marrow by immature cells, or blastes, causes a deficit of the other blood lines and involves a serious anaemia. L’ major anomaly is a defect of maturation of a cellular type, defect of which the mechanism isn’t yet known.
There exists, in certain cases, genetic factors of predisposition known as chromosomal rehandlings or genetic diseases the such syndrome of Down or the trisomie21.
We also could highlight environmental factors like of exposure to ionizing rays or benzene. The viral origin of certain acute leukaemias was also shown.
The diagnosis rests on a precise cytological description, an immunological study of the tumoral cells and the determination of the chromosomic chart carried out on osseous marrow.
The treatments depend on the type of cell in question. They aim at obtaining a complete remission by using several drugs cytoreducteurs associated or not with a immunotherapie.
The prevention of the relapses is a major stake and requires a treatment maintenance. Diffusion of the leukaemic process to the central nervous system in acute leukaemias of child, for example, requires a localised chemotherapy and a radiotherapy.

Chronic leukaemias

They are more frequent at adult after forty five years that at child. The most frequent form is the chronic lymphoid leukaemia, which represents approximately 30 persons 100 cases of leukaemias.
Analyzes osseous marrow shows an invasion by small mature lymphocytes. It is generally acts of an accumulation clonale of lymphocytes of typeB. There exist several clinical stages, on which the forecast depends. The disease can be transformed into an acute form of leukaemia or lymphoma.
Chronic leukaemia myéloïde is a myeloproliferative affection, in which the mature myelocytes prevail at the beginning of the disease. This affection generally changes, at the end of several years, in acute form.
There exists a chromosomal marker of the disease, the Philadelphia chromosome, which is the product of a translocation (exchange of genetic material) between the chromosome22 and the chromosome9. This anomaly finds in close to 95 person of 100 cases of chronic leukaemias myeloïdes, without one knowing for as much, at the present time, explaining the role of this chromosome.

Symptoms

The signs which should consult to you a doctor

Leukaemia is a leukemia, caused by an abnormal excess of white globules.
Here some widespread harbingers of the disease, such as establish by the University of California:

The anaemia, which can cause the paleness, the weakness, and a tendency to bleed or to have bruises easily.

Persistent infections whose symptoms are the drop with the nose, cough and the fever. – Pain in the articulations and the bones.

Abdominal Pains.

Puffiness of the lymphatic ganglia in the neck, with the groin, on the chest or under the armpits.

Difficulty of breathing, cough or persistent whistle.